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The term twitter bomb or tweet bomb (also spelled as one word) refers to posting numerous (pejoratively, "spamming") Tweets with the same hashtags and other similar content, including @messages, from multiple accounts, with the goal of advertising a certain meme, usually by filling people's Tweet feeds with the same message, and making it a "trending topic" on Twitter.〔Ethan Zuckerman, ("The Tweetbomb and the Ethics of Attention" ), April 20, 2012, Last accessed on April 30, 2012.〕〔J. Ratkiewicz, M. D. Conover, M. Meiss, B. Gonçalves, A. Flammini, F. Menczer, ("Detecting and Tracking Political Abuse in Social Media" ), ''Proc. 5th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media'' ICWSM (2011).〕 It is one of the tools used in Internet activism, both by mainstream politicians like Barack Obama and by groups like Anonymous.〔 It has also been used for commercial advertising.〔 The earliest recorded usage of the Twitter bomb is from August 2008, when it was used by bloggers Liza Sabater and Kenneth Quinnell in response to Republican use of the #dontgo hashtag relating to offshore oil drilling.〔Kenneth Quinnell, ("Twitter Bomb" ), Florida Speaks blog, August 5, 2008, Last accessed on August 27, 2012.〕 The term was used for other purposes in 2008, but the other meanings have since disappeared.〔 An example of a Twitter bomb was the campaign organized by online activists in response to a July 31, 2009 ''Washington Post'' article on Hillary Clinton that was deemed sexist. An even earlier example, from , referred to advertising a YouTube video series Ask a Ninja.〔 Since then, the term and tactics have entered mainstream use; in 2011 it has been used by Obama. The use of the Twitter bomb tactics has been known to misfire, as people might be offended by spamming, or trolling.〔 With regards to numbers, an example of a Twitter bomb analyzed in one research paper described how nine fake user accounts produced 929 tweets in 138 minutes, all with a URL to a political website, presenting negative views on the U.S. politician Martha Coakley.〔P. Metaxas, E. Mustafaraj, ("From Obscurity to Prominence in Minutes: Political Speech and Real-Time Search" ), ''In: Proceedings of the WebSci10: Extending the Frontiers of Society On-Line, April 26-27th, 2010, Raleigh, NC: US (2010).〕 The message might have reached about 60,000 before being eliminated by Twitter as spam.〔Neil Savage. 2011. ("Twitter as Medium and Message" ), ''Communications of the ACM'' 54, no. 3 (March 2011), 18–20. (DOI:10.1145/1897852.1897860 )〕 ==See also== *Google bomb 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Twitter bomb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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